Nevertheless zhangzai ' s confucianism differs from confucianism in the pre - qin days , qin dynasty and han dynasty in that zhangzai developed the li ( social rites ) from a worldly ( physical ) tool into a metaphysical doctrine ( the tao ) , and employed it as a philosophical foundation to reconstruct the song dynasty ' s state and social order 而張載的禮學(xué)不同于先秦秦漢的禮學(xué),他把“禮”由形而下之器,發(fā)展為形而上之道,以此作為宋代社會與國家秩序重構(gòu)的哲學(xué)依據(jù)。